Sanatana Dharma, often referred to as Hinduism, is one of the oldest religious traditions in the world. The term “Sanatana Dharma” means the eternal or everlasting way or path. It is not just a religion but a way of life encompassing a vast body of spiritual and philosophical teachings, rituals, practices, and beliefs.
Key concepts within Sanatana Dharma include:
- Dharma: Often translated as duty or righteousness, dharma represents the moral and ethical order that upholds the universe. It encompasses duties, responsibilities, and behaviors that are considered proper and in accordance with divine law.
- Karma: The law of cause and effect, where actions have consequences. Good actions lead to positive outcomes, while negative actions lead to suffering.
- Moksha: Liberation or freedom from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). Achieving moksha is the ultimate goal of life in Sanatana Dharma, and it is believed to be attained through spiritual realization and detachment from worldly desires.
- Reincarnation: The belief in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, wherein the soul (atman) reincarnates into different bodies until it achieves moksha.
- The Vedas: Ancient scriptures considered the foundational texts of Sanatana Dharma. They contain hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings.
- Yoga: A spiritual and physical practice aimed at achieving unity of mind, body, and spirit. There are various forms of yoga, including Hatha, Raja, Bhakti, Karma, and Jnana yoga.
- Deities: Sanatana Dharma is rich in mythology and worships a multitude of deities, each representing different aspects of the divine. Major deities include Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), Shiva (the destroyer), and their respective consorts and incarnations.
- Ahimsa: The principle of non-violence, which advocates compassion and respect for all living beings.
Sanatana Dharma is a diverse tradition with numerous sects, practices, and philosophies. It has evolved over thousands of years and continues to adapt to changing times while maintaining its core principles.